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Pham K, et al. E-cigarette promotes breast carcinoma progression and lung metastasis: Macrophage-tumor cells crosstalk and the role of CCL5 and VCAM-1. Cancer Letters |  “Our findings, for the first time, showed that E-cig promotes BC [breast cancer] growth and metastasis. This study highlights the critical role of TAMs [tumor-associated macrophages] via CCL5 and VCAM-1 pathways in E-cig promoted BC tumor development.”

Young women represent a target of E-cigarette (E-cig) companies, raising concern for potential connections with breast cancer (BC) that have not yet been elucidated. We hypothesized that E-cig promotes BC development and lung metastasis possibly through BC-monocyte/tumor-associated macrophage (TAM) crosstalk via CCL5 and V-CAM-1 axes. We demonstrated that E-cig promoted the infiltration of circulating monocytes in mammary fat pad (MFP) model. Furthermore, E-cig exposure significantly enhanced BC cell growth in MFP tumor and metastatic lung colonization; immunohistochemical stains illustrated the increase of TAMs infiltration, reduced BC cell apoptosis and increased proliferation index after E-cig exposure. In vitro studies show E-cig vapor condensate (EVC) treatment upregulated protein expressions of CCL5, V-CAM-1, and other pro-tumorigenic factors in BC cells. Mechanistically, co-culture system demonstrated both EVC and macrophages independently stimulated BC cell growth and the migration via CCL5/CCR1/CCR5 axis. During metastasis, E-Cig exposure stimulated BC cell survival via direct interaction with infiltrated macrophages, regulated by VCAM-1 and integrin α4β1. Our findings, for the first time, showed that E-cig promotes BC growth and metastasis. This study highlights the critical role of TAMs via CCL5 and VCAM-1 pathways in E-cig promoted BC tumor development.

https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0304383520304183
Volume 491, 28 October 2020, Pages 132-145. Online 21 August 2020.

Stephen Hamann