COVID severity and death increased by smoking
Umnuaypornlert A, et al. Smoking and risk of negative outcomes among COVID-19 patients: A systematic review and meta-analysis
Tob Induc Dis. 2021 Feb 4;19:09. eCollection 2021.“Both current smoking and former smoking significantly increase the risk of disease severity (OR=1.58; 95% CI: 1.16-2.15, p=0.004; and OR=2.48; 95% CI: 1.64-3.77, p<0.001; respectively). Similarly, current smoking and former smoking also significantly increase the risk of death (OR=1.35; 95% CI: 1.12-1.62, p=0.002; and OR=2.58; 95% CI: 2.15-3.09, p<0.001; respectively). Conclusions: Smoking, even current smoking or former smoking, significantly increases the risk of COVID-19 severity and death.”
http://www.tobaccoinduceddiseases.org/Smoking-and-risk-of-negative-outcomes-among-COVID-19-npatients-A-systematic-review,132411,0,2.html
Stephen Hamann
